Removal of Toxic Heavy Metals Using Genetically Engineered Microbes: Molecular Tools, Risk Assessment and Management Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59675/P215Keywords:
Heavy Metals, Genetically Modified Bacteria, Shewanella Oneidensis, Cuprividus Metallidurans.Abstract
As a result of the increasing rates of heavy metal pollutants in many environmental resources, it was necessary to discover and develop new methods for treating heavy metal pollutants, and one of the most effective methods is the use of genetically modified microorganisms such as bacteria (Shewanella Oneidensis and Cupriavidus Metallidurans) which is very useful in getting rid of heavy metal pollutants. This study aims to determine and evaluate the effectiveness of genetically modified bacteria and organisms such as Shewanella Oneidensis and Cupriavidus Metallidurans. In getting rid of heavy metal pollutants, genetically modified bacteria were used and obtained from MB Genetics, which is one of the leading companies in this field. Strains of genetically modified bacteria were obtained from MB Genetics, a company specialising in synthesising genetically modified microbes. Then, these genetically modified bacteria were used to reduce the presence of harmful heavy metals in the water to acceptable levels that meet the permissible limits and values. These bacteria were used under different conditions and different pH numbers. The results indicated the effectiveness of genetically modified bacteria in eliminating levels of heavy metals in water. Both bacterial strains successfully eliminated more than 91% of lead at a pH of 7. The study highlighted the significant influence of acidity and pH levels in determining the levels of heavy metals present in water and the environment in general. High levels of pollution with heavy and harmful metals in water can be treated by using genetically modified bacteria such as (Shewanella Oneidensis and Cupriavidus Metallidurans); this treatment is highly effective in removing harmful heavy metals from water when it is used correctly and by the principles of scientific research and scientific theories.
References
Zaynab M, Al-Yahyai R, Ameen A, Sharif Y, Ali L, Fatima M, et al. Health and environmental effects of heavy metals. J King Saud Univ Sci. 2022;34(1):101653.
Aziz KHH, Mustafa FS, Omer KM, Hama S, Hamarawf RF, Rahman KO. Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment: efficient and low-cost removal approaches to eliminate their toxicity: a review. RSC Adv. 2023;13(26):17595–610.
Hassan AI, Saleh HM. Toxins and pollutants detection on biosensor surfaces. Tox Gas Sens Biosens. 2021; 92:197–219.
Sharma KS, Panchal K, Chhimwal M, Kumar D. Integrated detection and natural remediation technology as a low-cost alternative for wastewater treatment. Health Sci Rev. 2023;8: 100111.
Joshi S, Gangola S, Bhandari G, Bhandari NS, Nainwal D, Rani A, et al. Rhizospheric bacteria: the key to sustainable heavy metal detoxification strategies. Front Microbiol. 2023;14.
Johnson N. Revolutionizing soil remediation: exploring the frontiers of bioremediation through the performance evaluation of Vernonia galamensis and Vernonia amydalina spices in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. 2024.
Chen S, Ding Y. A bibliography study of Shewanella oneidensis biofilm. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2023;99(11): fiad124.
Bhatt A, Shandilya J, Singal SK, Prajapati SK. Application of genetically modified microorganisms for bioremediation of heavy metals from wastewater. Genomics Approach to Bioremediation: Principles, Tools, and Emerging Technologies. 2023;295–320.
Gupta N, Singh M, Gupta P, Mishra P, Gupta V. Heavy metal bioremediation and toxicity removal from industrial wastewater. Next‐Generation Algae: Volume I: Applications in Agriculture, Food and Environment. 2023;163–93.
Akram F, Sahreen S, Aamir F, Haq IU, Malik K, Imtiaz M, et al. An insight into modern targeted genome-editing technologies with a special focus on CRISPR/Cas9 and its applications. Mol Biotechnol. 2023;65(2):227–42.
Huang Q, Lin B, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Song H, Huang C, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the susceptibility gene OsHPP04 in rice confers enhanced resistance to rice root-knot nematode. Front Plant Sci. 2023;14: 1134653.
Sharma P, Bano A, Singh SP, Sharma S, Xia C, Nadda AK, et al. Engineered microbes as effective tools for the remediation of polyaromatic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Chemosphere. 2022;306: 135538.
Wu C, Li F, Yi S, Ge F. Genetically engineered microbial remediation of soils co-contaminated by heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Advances and ecological risk assessment. J Environ Manag. 2021;296: 113185.
Saravanan A, Kumar PS, Ramesh B, Srinivasan S. Removal of toxic heavy metals using genetically engineered microbes: Molecular tools, risk assessment and management strategies. Chemosphere. 2022;298: 134341.
Zhou B, Zhang T, Wang F. Microbial-based heavy metal bioremediation: toxicity and eco-friendly approaches to heavy metal decontamination. Appl Sci. 2023;13(14):8439.
Karimi-Maleh H, Ghalkhani M, Dehkordi ZS, Singh J, Wen Y, Baghayeri M, et al. MOF-enabled pesticides as developing approach for sustainable agriculture and reducing environmental hazards. J Ind Eng Chem. 2023.
Jansson JK, McClure R, Egbert RG. Soil microbiome engineering for sustainability in a changing environment. Nat Biotechnol. 2023;1–13.
Sharma P, Singh SP, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldivar R, Varjani S, Tong YW. Genetic modifications associated with sustainability aspects for sustainable developments. Bioengineered. 2022;13(4):9509–21.
Kumar R, Singh L, Zularisam AW, Hai FI. Microbial fuel cell is emerging as a versatile technology: a review on its possible applications, challenges and strategies to improve the performances. Int J Energy Res. 2018;42(2):369–94.
Guha N, Walke S, Thiagarajan P. Microbial strategies to address environmental nanopollutants. In: Relationship Between Microbes and the Environment for Sustainable Ecosystem Services, Volume 2. Elsevier; 2022. p. 151–79.
Priya AK, Gnanasekaran L, Dutta K, Rajendran S, Balakrishnan D, Soto-Moscoso M. Biosorption of heavy metals by microorganisms: Evaluation of different underlying mechanisms. Chemosphere. 2022;307: 135957.
Chatha AMM, Naz S, Iqbal SS, Zahra U. Investigating the impact of environmental toxicology of heavy metals in fish: a study of rivers of Pakistan. Sci Inq Rev. 2023;7(4):67–90.
Ramezani M, Enayati M, Ramezani M, Ghorbani A. A study of different strategical views into heavy metal (oid) removal in the environment. Arabian J Geosci. 2021; 14:1–16.
Su JF, Gao YC, Huang TL, Bai XC, Lu JS, He L. Simultaneous removal of Cd 2+, NO 3-N and hardness by the bacterium Acinetobacter sp. CN86 in aerobic conditions. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2019;42: 1333–42.
Wang Y, Selvamani V, Yoo IK, Kim TW, Hong SH. A novel strategy for the microbial removal of heavy metals: cell-surface display of peptides. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 2021;26: 1–9.
Li X, Zhang L, Yang Z, Wang P, Yan Y, Ran J. Adsorption materials for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the key factors for VOCs adsorption process: A review. Sep Purif Technol. 2020;235: 116213
Qasem NA, Mohammed RH, Lawal DU. Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater: A comprehensive and critical review. Npj Clean Water. 2021;4(1):36.
Ibrahim NIM. The relations between concentration of iron and the pH ground water (case study Zulfi ground water). Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2016;4(6):140–5.
Diep P, Mahadevan R, Yakunin AF. Heavy metal removal by bioaccumulation using genetically engineered microorganisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2018; 6:157.
Liu C, Yu H, Zhang B, Liu S, Liu CG, Li F, et al. Engineering whole-cell microbial biosensors: Design principles and applications in monitoring and treatment of heavy metals and organic pollutants. Biotechnol Adv. 2022;108019.
EFSA Scientific Committee, More S, Bampidis V, Benford D, Bragard C, Halldorsson T, et al. Evaluation of existing guidelines for their adequacy for the microbial characterisation and environmental risk assessment of microorganisms obtained through synthetic biology. EFSA J. 2020;18(10): e06263.
Plavec TV, Berlec A. Safety aspects of genetically modified lactic acid bacteria. Microorganisms. 2020;8(2):297.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Academic International Journal of Pure Science
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
